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- Final "-y" is preceded by a consonant letter: agency - agencies ally - allies baby - babies bunny - bunnies city - cities colony - colonies factory - factories gallery - galleries grocery - groceries lady - ladies pony - ponies poppy - poppies puppy - puppies sky - skies spy - spies tally - tallies - Final "-y" is preceded by one vowel letter: attorney - attorneys boy - boys chimney - chimneys guy - guys key - keys play - plays ray - rays toy - toys - Ending in "-f", "-fe": calf - calves half - halves knife - knives leaf - leaves life - lives loaf - loaves self - selves shelf - shelves thief - thieves wife - wives wolf - wolves - Exceptions: belief - beliefs cafe - cafes chef - chefs chief - chiefs cliff - cliffs gulf - gulfs roof - roofs safe - safes tariff - tariffs |
- Ending in "o": echo - echoes hero - heroes potato - potatoes tomato - tomatoes zero - zeroes - Exceptions: auto - autos avocado - avocados bamboo - bamboos casino - casinos kilo - kilos logo - logos memo - memos patio - patios photo - photos piano - pianos portfolio - portfolios radio - radios studio - studios taco - tacos tattoo - tattoos tuxedo - tuxedos video - videos zoo - zoos - Ending in "-sh", "-ch", "-s", "-x" "-z": appendix - appendixes/appendices boss - bosses box - boxes branch - branches buzz - buzzes church - churches class - classes couch - couches focus - focuses/ foci fox - foxes guess - guesses index - indexes/indices lunch - lunches quiz - quizzes sandwich - sandwiches syllabus - syllabuses/syllabi touch - touches wish - wishes - Exceptions: monarch - monarchs stomach - stomachs |
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analysis - analyses bacterium - bacteria basis - bases child - children crisis - crises criterion - criteria curriculum - curricula diagnosis - diagnoses foot - feet goose - geese hypothesis -hypotheses louse - lice man - men mouse - mice nucleus - nuclei oasis - oases ox - oxen phenomenon - phenomena stimulus - stimuli thesis - theses tooth - teeth woman - women - No change for plural forms: aircraft - aircraft deer - deer fish - fish sheep - sheep |
species - species xxx - cattle xxx - people xxx - personnel xxx - police xxx - staff - Words always in plural forms: belongings clothes congratulations glasses goods groceries jeans pajamas pants scissors shorts stairs tongs tropics trousers - Uncountable nouns with plurals: glass - glasses paper - papers water - waters work - works |
