-- Final "-y" is preceded by a consonant letter:
agency - agencies
ally - allies
baby - babies
bunny - bunnies
city - cities
colony - colonies
factory - factories
gallery - galleries
grocery - groceries
lady - ladies
pony - ponies
poppy - poppies
puppy - puppies
sky - skies
spy - spies
tally - tallies
-- Final "-y" is preceded by one vowel letter:
attorney - attorneys
boy - boys
chimney - chimneys
guy - guys
key - keys
play - plays
ray - rays
toy - toys
-- Ending in "-f", "-fe":
calf - calves
half - halves
knife - knives
leaf - leaves
life - lives
loaf - loaves
self - selves
shelf - shelves
thief - thieves
wife - wives
wolf - wolves
-- Exceptions:
belief - beliefs
cafe - cafes
chef - chefs
chief - chiefs
cliff - cliffs
gulf - gulfs
roof - roofs
safe - safes
tariff - tariffs
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-- Ending in "o":
echo - echoes
hero - heroes
potato - potatoes
tomato - tomatoes
zero - zeroes
-- Exceptions:
auto - autos
avocado - avocados
bamboo - bamboos
casino - casinos
kilo - kilos
logo - logos
memo - memos
patio - patios
photo - photos
piano - pianos
portfolio - portfolios
radio - radios
studio - studios
taco - tacos
tattoo - tattoos
tuxedo - tuxedos
video - videos
zoo - zoos
-- Ending in "-sh", "-ch", "-s", "-x" "-z":
appendix - appendixes/appendices
boss - bosses
box - boxes
branch - branches
buzz - buzzes
church - churches
class - classes
couch - couches
focus - focuses/ foci
fox - foxes
guess - guesses
index - indexes/indices
lunch - lunches
quiz - quizzes
sandwich - sandwiches
syllabus - syllabuses/syllabi
touch - touches
wish - wishes
-- Exceptions:
monarch - monarchs
stomach - stomachs
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